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They also present diagnostic characters when compared to other populations of C. Our phylogenetic analyses revealed that the putative west Ecuadorian populations of C. livingstoni from west Colombia, and analyzed them in the context of other Chlorospingus. semifuscus semifuscus from northwest Ecuador, and C. Here, we compared data for populations of C. This allopatric distribution was based on plumage similarities, but no genetic or vocal analysis has tested if these populations share a common ancestry. Chlorospingus flavopectus phaeocephalus is distributed along the eastern Andean slope (from southern Colombia to northern Peru) and in localized patches along the central and southwestern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes, in the forest remnants of Chimborazo, El Oro, and adjacent Loja provinces. With up to 28 subspecies that inhabit montane forest from Mexico south to Argentina, it resents a recurring leapfrog pattern, with many genetically differentiated lineages, but even more morphologically distinguishable taxa. semifuscus.Ĭhlorospingus flavopectus, a widely distributed member of the New World sparrows and finches (Passerellidae), is among the most variable and complex Neotropical bird species. semifuscus, and the population from Chimborazo Province as a morphological variation of C. Based on these results, we recognize the population from El Oro and adjacent Loja Provinces as a new subspecies of C. With up to 28 subspecies that inhabit montane forest from Mexico south to Argentina, it presents a recurring leapfrog pattern, with many genetically differentiated lineages, but even more morphologically distinguishable taxa. Chlorospingus flavopectus, a widely distributed member of the New World sparrows and finches (Passerellidae), is among the most variable and complex Neotropical bird species.